Monday, January 30, 2023

Dance Argentine Tango in Buenos Aires

Dance Argentine Tango in Buenos Aires

Buenos Aires - XL Tango Immersion



Escuela de Tango de Buenos Aires joins Escuela de Tango Argentino María Olivera



March 24 to April 3, 2023



Buenos Aires at night

Extra Large opportunity to deepen your knowledge of the Tango dance and culture in the heart of Buenos Aires.

Plus, the opportunity to relax and rejuvenate with a getaway to one of Argentina's (or Uruguay's) most beautiful attractions.



The price for the whole package is $2,800 per person (price is based on Single Occupancy - 10% discount for those who share occupancy).

Early bird 10% discount available until February 1st, 2023.

Sign up now $500 advance deposit





15% discount until 2/1/23: $2,800 - $280 = $2,520; 10% extra discount if sharing occupancy.

What's in the package





-

Accommodation

10 nights (11 days) at the Dazzler Hotel in Recoleta, walking distance from "María Olivera's Argentine Tango School", in a central and lively neighborhood with restaurants and shops.



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18 hours of workshops

María Olivera & guest instructors will take your dance to the next level by working on concepts and techniques of all styles and forms of social tango.



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Daily dance and milongas

Every day, visit at least one of the most famous milongas of Buenos Aires (El Beso, Club Gricel, Marabú, and else).



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Talk with Tango Masters

A highlight of all times... learning from the experience of the Maestros that have kept the tango culture alive throughout the years.



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Guided city tours

Experience the city and its culture with the explanation of an expert on BA's history to understand the reasons why Tango chose this land to rise and thrive.



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Shopping tour

Take the chance to shop for the best tango shoes and clothes in the world, and why not? Fill the empty corners of your suitcase with beautiful Argentine leather and memorabilia.



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Wine & Dine

Enjoy a fantastic dinner while watching a world-class tango show with live music and dancers. Taste delicious malbecs and Torrontes (Argentine's signature wines), and don't leave without trying top-quality beef and Argentinian dessert.



-

Asado & Gaucho day in the countryside.

Take a day trip outside the city to enjoy Pampa's lifestyle with a fantastic asado (argentine style barbecue), folk music & dance, and gaucho stunts.



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Transportation to/from Ezeiza Intl' Airport

Have a smooth ride after you land in BA and get back without worrying about directions and traffic. It's all taken care of!



-

Extended stay options

Relax & rejuvenate with a side trip to either Colonia del Sacramento (Uruguay), Argentina's wine country (Mendoza), the astonishing Iguazú falls, or the famous Patagonia*.



* All side trips have cost and include ferry or airfares and accommodation at the chosen destination.





Questions?


https://escuelatangoba.com/marcelosolis/buenos-aires-tango-trips/

Saturday, January 28, 2023

History of Tango - Part 11: José Martínez. The great intuitive.

History of Tango - Part 11: José Martínez. The great intuitive.

History of Tango - Part 11: José Martínez. The great intuitive.

(28 January 1890 - 27 July 1939)

He was a great pianist and composer who has left lasting tangos, in versions that we still listen to and like to dance, even though he did not know how to write music or study it formally.

He was known in the Tango scene by the nickname of El Gallego (The Spaniard), to which he replied: «That's whimsical; I'm from Buenos Aires. I have a Spanish surname, but my parents, my grandparents, and great-grandparents were Argentines».


Without having studied music, he played by ear, and yet he was a very good instrumentalist and a better composer; as he did not know how to write them, his creations were put on paper by other musicians, among whom were Eduardo Arolas, Augusto Berto, Agustín Bardi, and Francisco Canaro.


He was intuitive and learned to play the piano by watching his friends play.



He even left the music on several occasions to work as a salaryman in different companies, such as the cereal companies Bunge & Born and Dreyfus, and in a notary's office.


His professional career began in 1911, with a trio formed with Augusto Berto on bandoneon and Julio Doutry on violin.

He used to invent the melody of his compositions by improvising during his concerts.

At one point, he joined a group with Francisco Canaro, who brought his first work to paper: “Pura uva”:

"Pura uva" by Orquesta Típica de la Guardia Vieja Adolfo Pérez "Pocholo", 1936.

Carnival at Teatro Colón, 1917. Poster.

Once he had gained experience playing in cafeterias in La Boca, he was summoned by Eduardo Arolas to fill the place left vacant by none other than Agustín Bardi.


In this period, Arolas would be in charge of transcribing his compositions.

In 1917, Francisco Canaro achieved an excellent reputation in the milonguero scene, and his orchestra merged with Roberto Firpo's to perform at the carnivals at the Teatro Colón of Rosario city.


Musicians such as Eduardo Arolas, Osvaldo Fresedo, Bachicha Deambroggio, Tito Roccatagliata, Pedro Polito, Agesilao Ferrazzano, Julio Doutry, Leopoldo Thompson, Alejandro Michetti make up this group.

The pianists were Firpo himself and José Martínez.

In 1918 Osvaldo Fresedo left the Canaro orchestra to form his group and play at the Pigall Casino. Shortly after, Martínez is the one who became independent to form his orchestra that would play at the L'Abbaye cabaret on Esmeralda Street. Canaro himself confessed some time after that, he thought, it would significantly weaken his orchestra:


"Bandoneonists were scarce, and I turned to Minotto Di Cicco, who worked in Montevideo. And since he had nothing to envy Fresedo, he prevailed shortly after...

The problem came when José Martínez decided to form his orchestra to premiere with it at the cabaret L'Abbaye, at Esmeralda Street. That was a regrettable casualty!

I supplanted him with Luis Riccardi, a pianist with a good technique... and I had to put up with the complaints from Royal's clientele. They noticed the change and missed the typical Martínez beat. It took me a lot to convince the clientele of the cabaret!"

Martínez also spent time playing with several successful theater companies. In one of them, "El Gran Premio Nacional", he would premiere his beautiful tango, “Polvorín", dedicated to a racehorse, with lyrics by Manuel Romero, recorded by Carlos Gardel in 1922.

Gardel would also record his "De vuelta al bulín”, with lyrics by Pascual Contursi.

In 1918, with Francisco Canaro, Vicente Greco, Rafael Tuegols, Luis Teisseire, and Samuel Castriota, he was part of the group that met in a basement in Florida at 300 to shape an organization that would defend their rights. In 1920, he became part of the first board of directors of the entity that, with time, would become the current SADAIC.

At the end of 1928, he retired from musical activity.

He would die at the age of 49, but he left us a series of tangos that enrich the floors of the milongas with their beauty.

Let's listen to some that are very familiar to us:

"Pablo"
Dedicated to Pablo Podestá.
By Anibal Troilo y su Orquesta Típica, 1943. More about this song

"Canaro"
Dedicated to Francisco Canaro

By Juan D'Arienzo y su Orquesta Típica, 1941. More about this song

"El pensamiento"
By Juan D'Arienzo y su Orquesta Típica, 1945. More about this song

"Punto y coma"
By Osvaldo Pugliese y su Orquesta Típica, 1948. More about this song

"El cencerro"
By Juan D'Arienzo y su Orquesta Típica, 1937. More about this song

"La torcacita"
By Carlos Di Sarli y su Orquesta Típica, 1941. More about this song

"Olivero"
By Osvaldo Pugliese y su Orquesta Típica, 1951. More about this song


History of Tango · History Of Tango - Part 11- José Martínez. The Great Intuitive.

More History of Tango

Leer este artículo en español


https://escuelatangoba.com/marcelosolis/history-of-tango-part-11-jose-martinez/

Tuesday, January 24, 2023

History of Tango - Part 1: Women and men of the Colony

History of Tango - Part 1: Women and men of the Colony

The dance of Tango originated in the second half of the XIX century in the area designated Rio de la Plata, on the outskirts of port cities like Buenos Aires, Montevideo, and Rosario.

Historically, this area was an essential part of the Spanish Colonial Empire, which gained its independence from Feudalist Catholic Monarchic Spain towards integration into a Western capitalist globalized economy. This economic revolution was led by the United Kingdom and the United States, at the beginning of the 1800s, as a direct consequence of the transformations that swept through Europe due to the Industrial Revolution, the French Revolution, and the Napoleonic Wars.

The elite class that led this process of transformation, although not unified – as many internal conflicts arose after the final defeat of the Spanish Army – were inspired by the ideas of the French and American Revolutions and saw industrialized countries like the United Kingdom as beacons of civilization, superior to the models of a feudalist Spain, and Aboriginal Native nations of America.

Since the arrival of the first Spanish expedition to the Rio de la Plata under the command of Juan Diaz de Solís (1515), the changes that affected this territory were very slow for almost 300 years.

Monopoly routeDuring that time, Spain allowed its colonies to only trade with Spain and other Spanish colonies. To avoid ships being captured by enemy nations and pirates, Spain established a unique route to transit goods between the settlements and Spain. Unfortunately, this route was not favorable to Buenos Aires, making goods too expensive and scarce to the inhabitants of Rio de la Plata. Consequently, smuggling became the only profitable business for its population and the only way to acquire what it needed to survive.

The first Spanish colonists in Argentina and Uruguay could see that the land was excellent for cattle. The animals prospered and reproduced rapidly, creating a source of leather. In an area with no other natural resources like stones, metals, or wood, this new resource became the primary material to create the necessary tools for everyday life activities. Leather was also the only product available to exchange for smuggling goods into the area. Since the cattle were wild, there was no reliable tracking system in place, which was ideal for those in the area looking to make the most of this resource. Cattle producers ("estancieros") were one of the leading forces behind gaining independence to end the monopoly imposed by Spain.

In 1776, this territory was given more autonomy, becoming the "Virreinato del Rio de La Plata," with the capital in Buenos Aires, mainly because Spain wanted to end the growing smuggling business in the area and profit by regulating the trade.

The isolation of this territory geographically – due to the enormous distance from Spain – and politically and economically – due to the strict trade policies – shaped the characteristics of its population and created an environment that allowed for the appearance of first, the "gaucho," and then later, Tango.

The early expeditions in Rio de la Plata comprised men who did not integrate well into Spanish society. In addition, the men who commanded these expeditions sometimes behaved in a very authoritarian way, which is understandable due to the harsh conditions and the riskiness of expeditions at the time. Historical records show that the first gauchos descended from Andalucians and Moors of North African descent, who accepted Christianity only to avoid persecution. Once these men reached America, many broke loose from the expeditions and lived as nomads, living off the wild cattle that rapidly populated the lands and coexisting with the natives.

In "Tierras de nadie" (No man's land), the area that is today the border between Uruguay and Brazil, the first gauchos (1771) lived off the ground and hunted wild cattle, which they sold to the population of what is known today as Rio Grande do Sur, Brazil.

Gaucho with boleadoras

To hunt wild cattle, the gauchos used various techniques. One method, which they learned from the natives, was the use of "boleadoras", an artifact made of three balls of hardwood, stone, or metal, lined with leather and tied together with leather strings, which they skillfully launched at the rear legs of the animal to make it fall and capture it alive, and keeping it in good condition, thereby maximizing its profitability.


Jesuit's missionsAnother origin of gauchos came from the Jesuit Missions after they were dismantled in the area now known as the border between Argentina, Brazil, and Paraguay, populated mainly by natives of the Guaraní nations. These missions were efficiently organized and very productive. For that reason, the missions attracted the attention of the powers of the time, who were suspicious of their prosperity.

The gauchos developed a new and genuinely local lifestyle and culture produced by the mix between the members of the expeditions and the American natives. They prized independence, self-reliance, honor, friendship, hospitality, loyalty, rejection of arbitrary authorities, courage, virility, resilience in facing adversity, and appreciation for a life based on simplicity and harmony with nature. These values are still the ones that guide the identity of Argentinians and Uruguayans. More specifically, these values permeate Tango and are most evident in the lyrics, as illustrated in the song below.

"Tango que sos un encanto


De quien escucha tus sones,


Tango que atraes corazones,


Con tus dulces cantos


Y tus bandoneones.


Sos de cuna humilde,


Y has paseado el universo,


Sin más protocolo,


Que tu música y tus versos,


Para abrirte paso


Has tenido que ser brujo,


Por tus propios medios


Lograste tu triunfo.


Tango que sos un encanto,


Hoy vive tu canto,


En mi corazón.

¡Tango!, ¡Tango!


Tango bravo, tango lindo,


Tango noble, tango guapo


Tango hermano


De mis largas noches tristes,


Compañero de mi pobre corazón.


Tango bravo, fascinante,


¡Tango brujo!,


Tango bravo, combatido,


Tango bravo,


Tango gaucho


Que a pesar de tanta contra


Defendiste con altura,


Tu bravura de varón."

“Tango brujo”, Francisco Canaro.

"Tango Brujo” by Juan D’Arienzo y su Orquesta Típica with Héctor Mauré, 1943.

The gauchos represented a continuity of the Middle Age Knights of Spain and Europe. They were skillful horseback riders and were very proud of their ability in the fight. The gaucho's weapon was the "facón", a 16-inch knife – that could be seen as a shortened Knight sword. In general, the "facones" were made from bayonets and used alone or in combination with the "rebenque" (a sort of whip) or the "poncho" (an outer garment designed to keep the body warm) rolled on the left arm and used as a shield.

Gauchos with facónThe "facón" was not only a weapon but also an indispensable everyday tool, as well as the "rebenque" and the "poncho".

The gauchos trained their fighting skills in a game called "visteo," in which they used a wooden stick burned at one extreme or the index finger colored with ashes or grease. They played inside a small marked square called "cancha." The game's primary goal is to force the opponent out of the square.

"Tome mi poncho... No se aflija...


¡Si hasta el cuchillo se lo presto!


Cite, que en la cancha que usté elija


he de dir y en fija


no pondré mal gesto.

Yo con el cabo 'e mi rebenque


tengo 'e sobra pa' cobrarme...


Nunca he sido un maula, ¡se lo juro!


y en ningún apuro


me sabré achicar."

“Mandria”, Juan Rodríguez, Francisco Brancatti and Juan Velich.

“Mandria” by Juan D’Arienzo y su Orquesta Típica with Alberto Echagüe in vocals, 1939.

The body language that came out of this physical training eventually shaped the Tango dance.

Gauchos and horsesThe gauchos were horseback riders by nature. In their childhoods, they learned to ride horses at the same time; they learned how to walk. Similarly to the cattle that the Spanish brought, the horses brought over from Spain reproduced very quickly, providing the gauchos with a large pool of horses to use and trade. They  call their horses "pingo" and "flete."

"Pasó la tranquera y el pingo miraba,


tal vez extrañao de no verla más,


y el gaucho le dijo: ¡No mire, mi pingo,


que la patroncita ya no volverá!"

“Lonjazos”, Andrés Domenech and Jesús Fernández Blanco.

"Lonjazos" by Rodolfo Biagi y su Orquesta Típica with Carlos Acuña in vocals, 1943.

During the 1800s, when the gaucho moved into the cities, he became the "compadre." This move required him to give up his horse and shorten his knife. The "compadre" will show up again later about Tango.

Payador and guitarThe gaucho’s favorite musical instrument was the guitar (”guitarra criolla”), inherited from Spain (guitarra española.) The poetry of the gauchos accompanied by a guitar is called "payada", and the performer "payador."

The "payada" evolved into "milonga" when Gabino Ezeiza (1858-1916), an Afro-Argentine payador, introduced its rhythm derived from African Candombe.

The landscape of Argentina and Uruguay is said to have influenced the gauchos deep into their character.

"Hay una hora de la tarde en que la llanura está por decir algo; nunca lo dice o tal vez lo dice infinitamente y no lo entendemos, o lo entendemos pero es intraducible como una música..."

“El fin”, Jorge Luis Borges.

Courage, skillfulness, resilience, and knowledge of the terrain made the gauchos vital elements of the Independence War, forming the core of the liberation armies. In honor of them, the Argentine writer Leopoldo Lugones coined the term "Guerra gaucha."

Los infernales de Guemes

Unfortunately, shortly after being praised as liberators of the new countries, they found themselves expelled from their habitat by the reorganization of resources by the new leaders, dividing the precious productive land into plots suitable for large-scale agricultural production. Also, to foster the growth of the cities, in 1736, the new leaders prohibited hunting wild cattle without a license, which deprived the gauchos of their source of living. This prohibition forced the gauchos to choose between being excluded from society – as criminals – or being hired by the new owners of the land – as "peones" – or emigrating to the cities, where they would be partially integrated as "compadres."

During colonial times, the place of women in society was determined by racial and economic factors. The women of the elite class were subject to arranged marriages to create family alliances. The purpose of these alliances was to preserve Spanish traditions, promote religion at home and consolidate the model of family life. Women were responsible for maintaining family honor and fulfilling the ideal of virtue. The most critical moment of a woman's life at the time was her wedding day, which she was prepared for since childhood. Women were expected to be docile, respect the authority of their husbands and live within the confines of the home. Female education was entrusted to the Church to achieve success in this model, educating them in a domestic scheme of submission. The public role of a woman was to accompany her husband and attend charitable activities and Mass (a true female social center.) Women who were widowed took the reins of their husbands' businesses and managed their assets; if they did so successfully, they entered the male world and were able to interact with civil institutions.

For the mestizo woman, life was not limited to the home as they had to engage in productive work or service outside the house: trade, domestic labor (maids, laundresses, sewists, etc.), and handicrafts (hand-spinners, candle makers, and cigar makers). They also worked in grocery stores, which meant they had more contact with the broader society.

Although marriage was an ideal in their lives, this did not have the degree of complexity as in the elite class because there was no obligation to continue the family lineage. This left more room for sentimental marriage. Although chastity and marriage remained ideal for all women, the mestiza women were not held to the same standards. They received instruction only through Catechism and the teachings of the Bible, as well as productive activities.

Initially, the mestizo in general and, therefore, the mestizo woman was frowned upon by both Hispanic Creoles and Indians. But then, the whole society was crossbreeding, mixing, and becoming a hybrid; after that, the mestizo condition ceased to be defined accurately.

The role of indigenous people and indigenous women varied depending on their position within their community; it was different from being an elite member of a native community than a regular native.

After the arrival of the Spaniards, native women were responsible for transmitting traditional traits of indigenous culture (housework, trade, clothing, etc.). With the imposition of monogamy, which opposed the polygamous structure of the indigenous society, many women were left alone. Also, the increased mortality of native men due to hard work left more women alone, which led them to look for work. They were employed mainly as housemaids, where they acquired great power and were also active in trade. In this way, they learned to use the currency and learned the Spanish language even before the native men themselves.

With the reduction of indigenous peoples into personal service, slavery, etc., Spanish-Criollos imposed a new social structure, disintegrating the indigenous organization, resulting in a total integration into the Spanish-Criollo society at the cost of the destruction of the indigenous culture and social network. Thus, the role of indigenous women in the colony was determined by the needs and ambitions of the Spanish-Criollos and the Spanish Crown.

Because of the indigenous population decline, enslaved Black people were brought to America as a labor force for agriculture, domestic service, and farm work. Urban enslaved people were mainly housemaids, bakers, and laundresses. They were the property of married white women (becoming part of the homestead). They were objects, and property (living under worse conditions than indigenous or mestizo, although there were exceptions.)

During the Independence War, women had a prominent role, no less important than men.

The ideals of the women of Tango, of the "milongueras", were developed through these times. They value the nature of femininity, with its attributes of maternity, companionship with the male partner, independent-minded, capable of successfully taking on the tasks traditionally attributed to men when necessary.

Juana Azurduy de PadillaAn example of the ideals of women can be seen in the life of Juana Azurduy de Padilla (1780-1860).

Juana descended from a mixed family and was orphaned at an early age. She spent the first years of her life in a convent.

In 1802 she married Manuel Ascencio Padilla, and they went on to have five children. After the outbreak of the independence revolution on May 25, 1810, Juana and her husband joined the pro-independence militias of the area that today belongs to Bolivia. Juana was one of many women who joined the fight.

Juana actively collaborated with her husband to organize the "squadrons", which joined the troops sent from Buenos Aires. During the first year of fighting, Juana was forced to abandon her children and was in combat on numerous occasions.

The government of Buenos Aires was impressed by her courage, and in recognition, in August 1816, it decided to provide Juana Azurduy the rank of Lieutenant Colonel. More recently, she was posthumously promoted to the position of General by Argentinian President Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner and Bolivian President Evo Morales.

"Yo soy la morocha,


la más agraciada,


la más renombrada


de esta población.


Soy la que al paisano


muy de madrugada


brinda un cimarrón.

Yo, con dulce acento,


junto a mi ranchito,


canto un estilito


con tierna pasión,


mientras que mi dueño


sale al trotecito


en su redomón.

Soy la morocha argentina,


la que no siente pesares


y alegre pasa la vida


con sus cantares.


Soy la gentil compañera


del noble gaucho porteño,


la que conserva el cariño


para su dueño.

Yo soy la morocha


de mirar ardiente,


la que en su alma siente


el fuego de amor.


Soy la que al criollito


más noble y valiente


ama con ardor.

En mi amado rancho,


bajo la enramada,


en noche plateada,


con dulce emoción,


le canto al pampero,


a mi patria amada


y a mi fiel amor.

Soy la morocha argentina,


la que no siente pesares


y alegre pasa la vida


con sus cantares.


Soy la gentil compañera


del noble gaucho porteño,


la que conserva el cariño


para su dueño."

“La Morocha”, Ángel Villoldo.

https://youtu.be/EmLbOirSNPc?rel=0

"¿Dónde están las mujeres aquéllas,


minas fieles, de gran corazón,


que en los bailes de Laura peleaban


cada cual defendiendo su amor?"

“Tiempos viejos”, Francisco Canaro, Manuel Romero.

https://youtu.be/V3SiAKLr_HY

Read


https://escuelatangoba.com/marcelosolis/history-of-tango-2/

History of Tango - Part 1: Women and men of the Colony

History of Tango - Part 1: Women and men of the Colony

The dance of Tango originated in the second half of the XIX century in the area designated Rio de la Plata, on the outskirts of port cities like Buenos Aires, Montevideo, and Rosario.

Historically, this area was an essential part of the Spanish Colonial Empire, which gained its independence from Feudalist Catholic Monarchic Spain towards integration into a Western capitalist globalized economy. This economic revolution was led by the United Kingdom and the United States, at the beginning of the 1800s, as a direct consequence of the transformations that swept through Europe due to the Industrial Revolution, the French Revolution, and the Napoleonic Wars.

The elite class that led this process of transformation, although not unified – as many internal conflicts arose after the final defeat of the Spanish Army – were inspired by the ideas of the French and American Revolutions and saw industrialized countries like the United Kingdom as beacons of civilization, superior to the models of a feudalist Spain, and Aboriginal Native nations of America.

Since the arrival of the first Spanish expedition to the Rio de la Plata under the command of Juan Diaz de Solís (1515), the changes that affected this territory were very slow for almost 300 years.

Monopoly routeDuring that time, Spain allowed its colonies to only trade with Spain and other Spanish colonies. To avoid ships being captured by enemy nations and pirates, Spain established a unique route to transit goods between the settlements and Spain. Unfortunately, this route was not favorable to Buenos Aires, making goods too expensive and scarce to the inhabitants of Rio de la Plata. Consequently, smuggling became the only profitable business for its population and the only way to acquire what it needed to survive.

The first Spanish colonists in Argentina and Uruguay could see that the land was excellent for cattle. The animals prospered and reproduced rapidly, creating a source of leather. In an area with no other natural resources like stones, metals, or wood, this new resource became the primary material to create the necessary tools for everyday life activities. Leather was also the only product available to exchange for smuggling goods into the area. Since the cattle were wild, there was no reliable tracking system in place, which was ideal for those in the area looking to make the most of this resource. Cattle producers ("estancieros") were one of the leading forces behind gaining independence to end the monopoly imposed by Spain.

In 1776, this territory was given more autonomy, becoming the "Virreinato del Rio de La Plata," with the capital in Buenos Aires, mainly because Spain wanted to end the growing smuggling business in the area and profit by regulating the trade.

The isolation of this territory geographically – due to the enormous distance from Spain – and politically and economically – due to the strict trade policies – shaped the characteristics of its population and created an environment that allowed for the appearance of first, the "gaucho," and then later, Tango.

The early expeditions in Rio de la Plata comprised men who did not integrate well into Spanish society. In addition, the men who commanded these expeditions sometimes behaved in a very authoritarian way, which is understandable due to the harsh conditions and the riskiness of expeditions at the time. Historical records show that the first gauchos descended from Andalucians and Moors of North African descent, who accepted Christianity only to avoid persecution. Once these men reached America, many broke loose from the expeditions and lived as nomads, living off the wild cattle that rapidly populated the lands and coexisting with the natives.

In "Tierras de nadie" (No man's land), the area that is today the border between Uruguay and Brazil, the first gauchos (1771) lived off the ground and hunted wild cattle, which they sold to the population of what is known today as Rio Grande do Sur, Brazil.

Gaucho with boleadoras

To hunt wild cattle, the gauchos used various techniques. One method, which they learned from the natives, was the use of "boleadoras", an artifact made of three balls of hardwood, stone, or metal, lined with leather and tied together with leather strings, which they skillfully launched at the rear legs of the animal to make it fall and capture it alive, and keeping it in good condition, thereby maximizing its profitability.


Jesuit's missionsAnother origin of gauchos came from the Jesuit Missions after they were dismantled in the area now known as the border between Argentina, Brazil, and Paraguay, populated mainly by natives of the Guaraní nations. These missions were efficiently organized and very productive. For that reason, the missions attracted the attention of the powers of the time, who were suspicious of their prosperity.

The gauchos developed a new and genuinely local lifestyle and culture produced by the mix between the members of the expeditions and the American natives. They prized independence, self-reliance, honor, friendship, hospitality, loyalty, rejection of arbitrary authorities, courage, virility, resilience in facing adversity, and appreciation for a life based on simplicity and harmony with nature. These values are still the ones that guide the identity of Argentinians and Uruguayans. More specifically, these values permeate Tango and are most evident in the lyrics, as illustrated in the song below.

"Tango que sos un encanto


De quien escucha tus sones,


Tango que atraes corazones,


Con tus dulces cantos


Y tus bandoneones.


Sos de cuna humilde,


Y has paseado el universo,


Sin más protocolo,


Que tu música y tus versos,


Para abrirte paso


Has tenido que ser brujo,


Por tus propios medios


Lograste tu triunfo.


Tango que sos un encanto,


Hoy vive tu canto,


En mi corazón.

¡Tango!, ¡Tango!


Tango bravo, tango lindo,


Tango noble, tango guapo


Tango hermano


De mis largas noches tristes,


Compañero de mi pobre corazón.


Tango bravo, fascinante,


¡Tango brujo!,


Tango bravo, combatido,


Tango bravo,


Tango gaucho


Que a pesar de tanta contra


Defendiste con altura,


Tu bravura de varón."

“Tango brujo”, Francisco Canaro.

"Tango Brujo” by Juan D’Arienzo y su Orquesta Típica with Héctor Mauré, 1943.

The gauchos represented a continuity of the Middle Age Knights of Spain and Europe. They were skillful horseback riders and were very proud of their ability in the fight. The gaucho's weapon was the "facón", a 16-inch knife – that could be seen as a shortened Knight sword. In general, the "facones" were made from bayonets and used alone or in combination with the "rebenque" (a sort of whip) or the "poncho" (an outer garment designed to keep the body warm) rolled on the left arm and used as a shield.

Gauchos with facónThe "facón" was not only a weapon but also an indispensable everyday tool, as well as the "rebenque" and the "poncho".

The gauchos trained their fighting skills in a game called "visteo," in which they used a wooden stick burned at one extreme or the index finger colored with ashes or grease. They played inside a small marked square called "cancha." The game's primary goal is to force the opponent out of the square.

"Tome mi poncho... No se aflija...


¡Si hasta el cuchillo se lo presto!


Cite, que en la cancha que usté elija


he de dir y en fija


no pondré mal gesto.

Yo con el cabo 'e mi rebenque


tengo 'e sobra pa' cobrarme...


Nunca he sido un maula, ¡se lo juro!


y en ningún apuro


me sabré achicar."

“Mandria”, Juan Rodríguez, Francisco Brancatti and Juan Velich.

“Mandria” by Juan D’Arienzo y su Orquesta Típica with Alberto Echagüe in vocals, 1939.

The body language that came out of this physical training eventually shaped the Tango dance.

Gauchos and horsesThe gauchos were horseback riders by nature. In their childhoods, they learned to ride horses at the same time; they learned how to walk. Similarly to the cattle that the Spanish brought, the horses brought over from Spain reproduced very quickly, providing the gauchos with a large pool of horses to use and trade. They  call their horses "pingo" and "flete."

"Pasó la tranquera y el pingo miraba,


tal vez extrañao de no verla más,


y el gaucho le dijo: ¡No mire, mi pingo,


que la patroncita ya no volverá!"

“Lonjazos”, Andrés Domenech and Jesús Fernández Blanco.

"Lonjazos" by Rodolfo Biagi y su Orquesta Típica with Carlos Acuña in vocals, 1943.

During the 1800s, when the gaucho moved into the cities, he became the "compadre." This move required him to give up his horse and shorten his knife. The "compadre" will show up again later about Tango.

Payador and guitarThe gaucho’s favorite musical instrument was the guitar (”guitarra criolla”), inherited from Spain (guitarra española.) The poetry of the gauchos accompanied by a guitar is called "payada", and the performer "payador."

The "payada" evolved into "milonga" when Gabino Ezeiza (1858-1916), an Afro-Argentine payador, introduced its rhythm derived from African Candombe.

The landscape of Argentina and Uruguay is said to have influenced the gauchos deep into their character.

"Hay una hora de la tarde en que la llanura está por decir algo; nunca lo dice o tal vez lo dice infinitamente y no lo entendemos, o lo entendemos pero es intraducible como una música..."

“El fin”, Jorge Luis Borges.

Courage, skillfulness, resilience, and knowledge of the terrain made the gauchos vital elements of the Independence War, forming the core of the liberation armies. In honor of them, the Argentine writer Leopoldo Lugones coined the term "Guerra gaucha."

Los infernales de Guemes

Unfortunately, shortly after being praised as liberators of the new countries, they found themselves expelled from their habitat by the reorganization of resources by the new leaders, dividing the precious productive land into plots suitable for large-scale agricultural production. Also, to foster the growth of the cities, in 1736, the new leaders prohibited hunting wild cattle without a license, which deprived the gauchos of their source of living. This prohibition forced the gauchos to choose between being excluded from society – as criminals – or being hired by the new owners of the land – as "peones" – or emigrating to the cities, where they would be partially integrated as "compadres."

During colonial times, the place of women in society was determined by racial and economic factors. The women of the elite class were subject to arranged marriages to create family alliances. The purpose of these alliances was to preserve Spanish traditions, promote religion at home and consolidate the model of family life. Women were responsible for maintaining family honor and fulfilling the ideal of virtue. The most critical moment of a woman's life at the time was her wedding day, which she was prepared for since childhood. Women were expected to be docile, respect the authority of their husbands and live within the confines of the home. Female education was entrusted to the Church to achieve success in this model, educating them in a domestic scheme of submission. The public role of a woman was to accompany her husband and attend charitable activities and Mass (a true female social center.) Women who were widowed took the reins of their husbands' businesses and managed their assets; if they did so successfully, they entered the male world and were able to interact with civil institutions.

For the mestizo woman, life was not limited to the home as they had to engage in productive work or service outside the house: trade, domestic labor (maids, laundresses, sewists, etc.), and handicrafts (hand-spinners, candle makers, and cigar makers). They also worked in grocery stores, which meant they had more contact with the broader society.

Although marriage was an ideal in their lives, this did not have the degree of complexity as in the elite class because there was no obligation to continue the family lineage. This left more room for sentimental marriage. Although chastity and marriage remained ideal for all women, the mestiza women were not held to the same standards. They received instruction only through Catechism and the teachings of the Bible, as well as productive activities.

Initially, the mestizo in general and, therefore, the mestizo woman was frowned upon by both Hispanic Creoles and Indians. But then, the whole society was crossbreeding, mixing, and becoming a hybrid; after that, the mestizo condition ceased to be defined accurately.

The role of indigenous people and indigenous women varied depending on their position within their community; it was different from being an elite member of a native community than a regular native.

After the arrival of the Spaniards, native women were responsible for transmitting traditional traits of indigenous culture (housework, trade, clothing, etc.). With the imposition of monogamy, which opposed the polygamous structure of the indigenous society, many women were left alone. Also, the increased mortality of native men due to hard work left more women alone, which led them to look for work. They were employed mainly as housemaids, where they acquired great power and were also active in trade. In this way, they learned to use the currency and learned the Spanish language even before the native men themselves.

With the reduction of indigenous peoples into personal service, slavery, etc., Spanish-Criollos imposed a new social structure, disintegrating the indigenous organization, resulting in a total integration into the Spanish-Criollo society at the cost of the destruction of the indigenous culture and social network. Thus, the role of indigenous women in the colony was determined by the needs and ambitions of the Spanish-Criollos and the Spanish Crown.

Because of the indigenous population decline, enslaved Black people were brought to America as a labor force for agriculture, domestic service, and farm work. Urban enslaved people were mainly housemaids, bakers, and laundresses. They were the property of married white women (becoming part of the homestead). They were objects, and property (living under worse conditions than indigenous or mestizo, although there were exceptions.)

During the Independence War, women had a prominent role, no less important than men.

The ideals of the women of Tango, of the "milongueras", were developed through these times. They value the nature of femininity, with its attributes of maternity, companionship with the male partner, independent-minded, capable of successfully taking on the tasks traditionally attributed to men when necessary.

Juana Azurduy de PadillaAn example of the ideals of women can be seen in the life of Juana Azurduy de Padilla (1780-1860).

Juana descended from a mixed family and was orphaned at an early age. She spent the first years of her life in a convent.

In 1802 she married Manuel Ascencio Padilla, and they went on to have five children. After the outbreak of the independence revolution on May 25, 1810, Juana and her husband joined the pro-independence militias of the area that today belongs to Bolivia. Juana was one of many women who joined the fight.

Juana actively collaborated with her husband to organize the "squadrons", which joined the troops sent from Buenos Aires. During the first year of fighting, Juana was forced to abandon her children and was in combat on numerous occasions.

The government of Buenos Aires was impressed by her courage, and in recognition, in August 1816, it decided to provide Juana Azurduy the rank of Lieutenant Colonel. More recently, she was posthumously promoted to the position of General by Argentinian President Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner and Bolivian President Evo Morales.

"Yo soy la morocha,


la más agraciada,


la más renombrada


de esta población.


Soy la que al paisano


muy de madrugada


brinda un cimarrón.

Yo, con dulce acento,


junto a mi ranchito,


canto un estilito


con tierna pasión,


mientras que mi dueño


sale al trotecito


en su redomón.

Soy la morocha argentina,


la que no siente pesares


y alegre pasa la vida


con sus cantares.


Soy la gentil compañera


del noble gaucho porteño,


la que conserva el cariño


para su dueño.

Yo soy la morocha


de mirar ardiente,


la que en su alma siente


el fuego de amor.


Soy la que al criollito


más noble y valiente


ama con ardor.

En mi amado rancho,


bajo la enramada,


en noche plateada,


con dulce emoción,


le canto al pampero,


a mi patria amada


y a mi fiel amor.

Soy la morocha argentina,


la que no siente pesares


y alegre pasa la vida


con sus cantares.


Soy la gentil compañera


del noble gaucho porteño,


la que conserva el cariño


para su dueño."

“La Morocha”, Ángel Villoldo.

https://youtu.be/EmLbOirSNPc?rel=0

"¿Dónde están las mujeres aquéllas,


minas fieles, de gran corazón,


que en los bailes de Laura peleaban


cada cual defendiendo su amor?"

“Tiempos viejos”, Francisco Canaro, Manuel Romero.

https://youtu.be/V3SiAKLr_HY

Read


https://escuelatangoba.com/marcelosolis/history-of-tango-2/

Thursday, January 19, 2023

What is "Milonga"?

What is
Nowadays, the word “milonga” has two meanings:

A particular rhythm and musical genre.

A Tango dance party.

This word evolved from the West African Bantu language, in which “malonga” means “word”, and “milonga” is the plural of “malonga”: “words”


Historians hypothesize that the African population of Rio de La Plata used this term regarding the “payada”, a musical genre in which two individuals compete by playing guitar and improvising verses, asking each other questions. The rhythm of this genre evolved to the rhythm we now know as milonga.


When the dance of Tango appeared, it was a technique of partner’s dance used to dance any danceable rhythm. Waltz was the most popular at the time, but soon the milonga rhythm was identified as a better fit for that particular dance technique.


As this rhythm, and the way of dancing to it, grew in popularity, “milonga” also became the name of the gathering and the place where this dance was practiced. The word “Tango” was initially a synonym of “milonga", and they later became the name of two differentiated rhythms. Tango dance parties and the location where it is danced kept the name “milonga”, as well as its crowd of participants, “milongueros”.

Milongas, meaning “Tango dance parties”, have been happening for more than 130 years. During this time, milongas developed a set of codes that cultivated efficiency, maximizing the possibility of great dancers appearing and allowing the continuity of its existence as a precious cultural gem.

At Escuela de Tango de Buenos Aires, we provide you with a complete Argentine Tango experience, and Milongas (dance parties) is an essential aspect.


Learn more about Argentine Tango and its culture.

Let’s dance! Come and enjoy learning to dance Argentine Tango.


https://escuelatangoba.com/marcelosolis/milonga/

Wednesday, January 4, 2023

Considerations on the value of Argentine Tango

Considerations on the value of Argentine Tango

Considerations on the value of Argentine Tango

I am pleased to share with you some reflections on the value we give to Tango and dancing at the milongas, the place it acquires (or we allow it to acquire) in our lives as milongueros, professionals, teachers, students, etc.

These thoughts took the aphoristic form and different approaches: direct, metaphorical, philosophical, in the form of dialogues with a more or less imaginary or real interlocutor, as a game, and as poetry.

1

You can only dance Tango well if you prioritize it. Many believe that they prioritize dancing Tango, but mostly stay on the edge of it. Proposing to oneself the task of dancing Tango would perhaps imply a profound critique of our way of life, our prejudices concerning what we consider valuable: efficient, productive time, which enriches us in a way that can be "objectively" measured, accounted for through money, through which is appreciated by the most significant number of people and could be counted by the number of "likes" received, by the number of votes obtained, for prizes won, by the number of participants in a class or a milonga, or any event, or the number of tandas danced at a milonga; as opposed to a beautiful time, deep in complex and subtle emotions, subtleties and depths not accessible to all sensibilities, but only to those with enough courage and a taste for adventure, for powerfully transformative discoveries, of which we would perhaps be the only protagonists and witnesses. Of course, it is understandable that for the majority, for whom the subtle and complex is somewhat problematic, the objective amounts and monetary gains are reassuring confirmations of one's beliefs and prejudices.

However, I am encouraged to express my doubts about whether it is possible to dance in general and to dance Tango in particular –considering Tango as the only way we still have to dance fully– without conducting an investigation and a critique of our assumptions and prejudices concerning how we conceive our lives. For example, the bias that what does not produce important economic gains is something of little value.

2

Most feel guilty for enjoying themselves. Considering that what does not imply suffering has no value, or its value is negative, is another prejudice.

The deep joy that Tango produces for those who enjoy it is not, however, the ultimate goal that makes us dance it. Instead, that joy is a by-product. It is the sensation that produces everything that allows us to become stronger and wiser, more sure of ourselves and our originality.

3

In our daily lives, we are always trying to fit more and more actions in the shortest time. This is probably where the habit of trying to put too many steps and embellishments in our dance comes from.

4

An academic studies his subject, and a religious studies his holly book.

The one who dances Tango studies his body, the music, and the culture of Tango and interviews the most expert milongueros in a framework of friendship to investigate the subjective experience of those who danced it long before and dedicated their lives to it.

5

With Tango, it would be demonstrated that the music, to be danceable, does not need to be superficial.

6

Dancing Tango is dancing well, which cannot be achieved by dancing with just anyone. At most, when the person I dance with doesn't allow me to dance well, I can propose to "dance the best possible". In this case, the experience of dancing is degraded; it does not become dancing Tango.

7

The dance is a truth proposition that can always be refuted, contradicted, improved, or partially modified by another dance. Truth here means a way of living, an answer to the question "How to live?"

8

Your dance can present to yourself your way of wanting and living, your ideals, your values as if you were another person who was watching you –something like the impression that seeing yourself in a video for the first time gave you– and if you agree with it if you are proud or ashamed of it, and consequently, if you are proud or ashamed of your life. Then, it would allow you to review your values, change them if you sincerely consider it necessary, or change your feelings concerning your values. It may even allow you to review and restore your honesty about yourself.

9

Learning to live would perhaps be learning to dance with the world. Manage times in a non-mechanical way: with emotion. Don't rush. Don't lose patience. Don't stress. Always be able to move with elasticity, smoothness, and control. Balance in all aspects. Don't run out. Arrive at the end of the day or any activity with an elegant finale.

10

Being a good dancer implies a search for greater balance, control, and ease in your movements, both physically and spiritually. Dancing could lead to a greater awareness of your own body. This would result in a concern to develop increasingly healthy habits and thus develop a more balanced relationship with the people around you and yourself. Dancing could mean getting to know yourself and people in general better. Dancing Tango would then be continually learning to see life from the perspective of a person who dances. Dancing Tango would be something like dancing your life.

11

Everything we incorporate –what we allow to reach us–: food, the people we allow to participate in our lives, what we read, the music we listen to, our acquired habits, etc., constitutes us and would shape everything we do, including our way of dancing.

12

Agility makes spontaneity possible.

13

Just as being happy is not the representation of being happy, dancing Tango is not the representation of dancing Tango.

14

What is dancing well? There are no objective answers that determine it. We can only refer to the emotions that it produces in us.

15

Sense of reality generated thanks to the Tango dance through the inevitability of the body. This is the opposite of virtual reality. However, there are possibilities to be deceived in Tango as well. For example, the memorized steps, focusing on the adjacent of Tango (the sexual, the emotional, the irrational, or the rational, etc.), leaving the actual body – the body that can endure a fight – eclipsed, hidden, postponed, avoided, eliminated.

16

The problem that appears when we do not have internal strength and elasticity is that we tense our external musculature, lose elasticity, take our bone structure towards a fragile rigidity, and become spiritually insecure and vulnerable. Bodily rigidity is also spiritual rigidity.

17

Dancing is a continuous improvement. Dancing –in its most profound sense– would perhaps be becoming the being of becoming, wishing, and acting so that our dance is better, more beautiful, more convincing, and more profound at every moment.

18

About looking at the dance floor. Watching to dance. At first, we see nothing. Being able to dance -knowing how to dance- would increase with that ability to see and understand what happens there. To look, one would also have to know how to be alone. Fear and/or the inability to be alone may not allow us to look. Not looking is not seeing oneself. Because of fear?

19

We may get lost in the infinite surfaces that Tango offers us, and we never explore its depth. When we discover Tango, we discover at the same time that there is something beautiful, deep, mysterious, and exciting in us. However, it could be very easy to stay there, in that initial dazzle, and not encourage ourselves to continue further, towards the interior of Tango itself, and of ourselves, perhaps because we find these two abysses terrifying, these labyrinths in which the most it is likely that we will get lost and never come out again. The truth is that once there, the labyrinth reveals that the essence of our human life is perhaps a labyrinth, an abyss.

20

We should pursue not objective but subjective purposes concerning dance.

We do not dance in the same way. For each of us, dancing means different things. I would say that for me, dancing may be a way of enhancing my humanity.

I would not say that I'm right about dancing Tango (or any dance), only that since we disagree, I prefer not to argue with you about this because, from what I can see in the way you dance, I do not think you have anything to say against my opinion.

However, I would happily share my understanding of what dancing is.

I cannot explain this with words alone because words can't grasp more than a superficial portion of it.

I do not claim here to have any truth, only that I had achieved something regarding my dance which I can claim as successful, something that is not an achievement done and secured, but something that needs to be achieved every day, every time.

I may have a more profound understanding of what dancing means, or perhaps not. You may want to know more about my approach, or you may not care. The only thing we could claim as certain is our dances, every single one of them, at the moment we are dancing.

You may be a profound person. What is happening here is that you are not assigning the dance the depth state I see in it.

Does my approach contradict my joy, smiles, laughter, and lightness while dancing? I argue not. Laughing and dancing are really serious things in human life. Dancing and laughing are where seriousness begins.

You should never ask why someone doesn't dance with you. It is not in good taste. There are no objective reasons. Taste and dance belong to the realm of the subjective.

You could agree with me on words, but more credible would be your agreement manifested in your commitment to your dance.

I do not claim to possess the truth here. Dancing is an absolute stranger to the truth.

I can't convince you. You will agree with me only in what you already agree with yourself.

21

Perhaps most make the moves but still do not dance Tango.

Emotions: the subjectivity in the dance.

The moves: the objective.

Something you can't fake. It is visible in your whole being, your posture, your moves. It is not what you are trying to show through your face.

Some emotions may be in conflict with dancing: anxiety, angriness, fear, shame…

Emotions do not come from yourself alone. Emotions, at least in Tango, which is what concerns us here, have roots not only in yourself but also in your relationships and your position concerning them; that is the milonga as a society, your teacher/s, your students, your peers, the ones you hang out with in the milongas, etc.

It is not the same to be a total stranger in a group, like Tango, as having friends that care about you, teachers that encourage you and help you to be a great dancer –because this is precisely what a good teacher wants from his/her students. I am talking here about the community of Tango as a whole, not in a localized sense, like the Tango community of the Bay Area. If the teacher you take lessons from in Buenos Aires is not at that milonga or local community you are part of, still his/her encouragement and love for Tango shape the emotions of your dance.

Your teacher cares about you as a human being. It is not about you making moves "perfectly". It is about being able to express and explore your humanity.

22

Ultimately, all the subjective approaches to dance would be judged when we all are dancing or not and how, in two, five, ten, or more years.

23

Time plays in my favor. I get to be a better dancer. Does not matter how much I wait to dance with someone I want to dance with.

24

Don't you dance? So you can take on enormous amounts of stress; you can deprive yourself of sleep; you can eat poorly, very poorly... In short, if you're not going to dance, what do your body and health matter to you? What do your spirituality and depth matter to you?

25

In contrast to commercialized art, a humble, honest, and intimate art that spiritualizes and celebrates the body.



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https://escuelatangoba.com/marcelosolis/considerations-on-the-value-of-argentine-tango/

Tuesday, January 3, 2023

Dance Argentine Tango in Buenos Aires

Dance Argentine Tango in Buenos Aires

Buenos Aires - XL Tango Immersion

Escuela de Tango de Buenos Aires joins Escuela de Tango Argentino María Olivera

March 24 to April 3, 2023



Extra Large opportunity to deepen your knowledge of the Tango dance and culture in the heart of Buenos Aires.

Plus, the opportunity to relax and rejuvenate with a getaway to one of Argentina's (or Uruguay's) most beautiful attractions.

The price for the whole package is $2,800 per person (price is based on Single Occupancy - 10% discount for those who share occupancy).


Early bird 10% discount available until February 1st, 2023.

Sign up now $500 advance deposit

15% discount until 2/1/23: $2,800 - $280 = $2,520; 10% extra discount if sharing occupancy.


What's in the package?

Accommodation

10 nights (11 days) at the Dazzler Hotel in Recoleta, walking distance from "María Olivera's Argentine Tango School", in a central and lively neighborhood with restaurants and shops.

18 hours of workshops

María Olivera & guest instructors will take your dance to the next level by working on concepts and techniques of all styles and forms of social tango.

Daily dance and milongas

Every day, visit at least one of the most famous milongas of Buenos Aires (El Beso, Salón Canning, Club Gricel, and else).

Talk with Tango Masters

A highlight of all times... learning from the experience of the Maestros that have kept the tango culture alive throughout the years.

Guided city tours

Experience the city and its culture with the explanation of an expert on BA's history to understand the reasons why Tango chose this land to rise and thrive.

Shopping tour

Take the chance to shop for the best tango shoes and clothes in the world, and why not? Fill the empty corners of your suitcase with beautiful Argentine leather and memorabilia.

Wine & Dine

Enjoy a fantastic dinner while watching a world-class tango show with live music and dancers. Taste delicious malbecs and Torrontes (Argentine's signature wines), and don't leave without trying top-quality beef and Argentinian dessert.

Asado & Gaucho day in the countryside.

Take a day trip outside the city to enjoy Pampa's lifestyle with a fantastic asado (argentine style barbecue), folk music & dance, and gaucho stunts.

Transportation to/from Ezeiza Intl' Airport

Have a smooth ride after you land in BA and get back without worrying about directions and traffic. It's all taken care of!

Extended stay options

Relax & rejuvenate with a side trip to either Colonia del Sacramento (Uruguay), Argentina's wine country (Mendoza), the astonishing Iguazú falls, or the famous Patagonia*.

* All side trips have cost and include ferry or airfares and accommodation at the chosen destination.

Questions?


https://escuelatangoba.com/marcelosolis/buenos-aires-tango-trips/